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Chap. 5: Birth of the Sun

5.1　Giant planets in the solar system

　The Sun is a second-generation star, and the first-generation star is a fusion reaction. Elements such as oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and iron were created. Therefore, the interstellar medium that gave birth to celestial bodies is cosmic dust, not hydrogen. Hydrogen exists in large quantities in space. Hydrogen is abundant in outer space, but it is not a substance that was the seed of the birth of celestial bodies.
　The hydrogen is the substance with the lightest mass and the last one that formed celestial bodies. As celestial bodies grow larger and can collect hydrogen molecules, they rapidly grow. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, even in the environment of the solar wind could continue to capture hydrogen in the solar wind without losing the primary atmosphere. Fig.14 shows the appearance of the gas planets in the solar system.

　 　 　　 　　 　　
　　A) Jupiter　　　　　　　　B) Saturn　　　　　　　C) Uranus　　　　　　D) Neptune 　　
　　　Fig.14 Appearance of the gas planets of the solar system.　[CG were prvided by Pixta]

5.2 Internal structure of giant planet

　The interior of a celestial body with an increased mass becomes high-pressure. According to the Virial theorem, if the potential energy of gravity is low, Half of the obtained gravitational energy is kinetic energy. The other half of the energy is released to the outside, so the inside of the celestial body becomes hot.　The inside of the huge celestial body becomes high temperature by the high pressure. In the center of the Sun, 250 billion atmospheric pressure, and the temperature reaches 115 million K, so the material has the ideal characteristics of gas, not solids or gases.
　Before the Sun began nuclear fusion, CO₂ was a solid and could be accreted to form planets through point contact with iron particles through local chemical reactions. The conventional standard model of the formation of the solar system, which is the formation of planets after the Sun began its fusion reaction, cannot explain presence of CO₂ and H₂O contained in terrestrial rocky planets. In the solar system, when the sun began its nuclear fusion reaction, the planets were growing large.
　 Figure 15 shows the distribution of components before the Sun begins nuclear fusion.

　　　　　
　　 　　　Fig. 15. An inner structure of a giant gas planet

　
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